Measurement of energy requirements for size reduction of
M: Machine (hammer mill); A: ammeter; V: voltmeter. Miao et al. (2011) as follows: (1) Where: E is the total specific net energy for milling a unit of dry matter (kWh/t), P t is power (Watt) consumed by milling machines while milling feedstock at time t, P 0 is the average power consumption in Watt under idle conditions (without feeding